When can one domain enclose another in 3?

When Can One Finite Monoid Simulate Another?

When one question leads to another.

Sure, these are of ten the whiz kids who dazzle judges and win big awards. But it could be you as well. And the benef its f rom sticking with some research theme f or a year or more go well beyond gaining the knowledge to potentially wow teachers and science f air judges. Teens who carry out long-term research projects also gain a lif e lesson in curiosity, discipline and resilience. These are ...

Hodgkin Lymphoma and Castleman Disease: When One Blood Disease Can Hide Another

We describe a rare case of Castleman disease associated de novo with Hodgkin lymphoma. The incidence of Castleman disease is rare; only a few studies have described it in de novo association with Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient described here complained of unique evolutionary axillary adenopathy. A positron-emission tomography/computed tomography scan revealed hypermetabolic activity in this area...

When Should Two Minds Be Considered Versions of One Another?

What does it mean for one mind to be a different version of another one, or a natural continuation of another one? Or put differently: when can two minds sensibly be considered versions of one another? This question occurs in relation to mind uploading, where one wants to be able to assess whether an approximate upload constitutes a genuine continuation of the uploaded mind or not. It also occu...

When Can Finite Testing Ensure Infinite Trustworthiness?

In this paper we contribute to the general philosophical‎ ‎question as to whether empirical testing can ever prove a physical law.‎ ‎Problems that lead to this question arise under several contexts‎, ‎and the ‎matter has been addressed by the likes of Bayes and Laplace‎. ‎After pointing‎ ‎out that a Bayesian approach is the proper way to address this problem‎, ‎we‎ ‎show that the answ...